Fios de PDO, hidroxiapatita de cálcio e ácido l-polilático para flacidez vulvar - indicações, técnica e resultados / PDO threads, calcium hydroxyapatite and l-polylactic acid for vulvar flaccidity - indications, technique and results

Os grandes lábios tornam-se flácidos com o envelhecimento. Apesar de o preenchimento com ácido hialurônico proporcionar um rejuvenescimento significativo, ele também pode levar à formação de verdadeiros testículos vulvares se mal indicado, principalmente em vulvas excessivamente flácidas, que não suportam qualquer volumização adicional. Nesses casos de flacidez excessiva, acreditamos que os bioestimuladores de colágeno seriam o melhor tratamento inicial, pois sua injeção levaria à reposição de colágeno dérmico, com melhora da frouxidão, sem acréscimo expressivo de volume. Temos utilizado a hidroxiapatita de cálcio, o ácido l-polilático e os fios não espiculados de PDO, desde 2019, com bons resultados.

The labia majora become saggy with aging. Although filling with hyaluronic acid provides significant rejuvenation, it can also lead to the formation of true vulvar testicles if poorly indicated, especially in excessively flaccid vulvas, which do not support any further volumization. In these cases of excessive flaccidity, we believe that collagen biostimulators would be the best initial treatment, as their injection would lead to the replacement of dermal collagen and improvement in laxity, without a significant increase in volume. We have been using calcium hydroxyapatite, l-polylactic acid, and PDO threads since 2019, with good results.

Female reproductive system dysplasia: a clinical study of 924 cases / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between different types of female reproductive system dysplasia and age of visit, clinical manifestations, common types of combined malformations and endometriosis. Methods The patient′s medical records in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2002 to June 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 924 cases of genital tract dysplasia, uterine dysplasia (65.3%, 824/1 261) was the most common, followed by vaginal dysplasia (28.3%, 357/1 261), hymen atresia and urogenital fistula (3.7%, 47/1 261), and cervical dysplasia (2.6%, 33/1 261). (1) The youngest age was in patients with hymen atresia and urogenital fistula, with a median of 14.5 years old, while the older age were in patients with uterine, vaginal and cervical dysplasia, with median age of 25.0, 24.0 and 23.0 years old, respectively. (2) The clinical manifestations were lack of specificity, mainly abnormal findings of physical examination or accessory examination, primary amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, infertility, adverse pregnancy history. (3) About other systemic malformations, urological malformations were the most common (4.8%, 44/924), followed by spinal malformations (0.5%, 5/924), inguinal hernia (0.4%, 4/924), heart malformations (0.2%, 2/924), cleft lip and palate (0.2%, 2/924). Oblique vaginal septal syndrome and MRKH syndrome were the most likely to be associated with other system malformations. (4) About combination with endometriosis, there was no significant difference between obstructive genital tract malformations (2.3%, 9/385) and non obstructive genital tract malformations (1.7%, 9/539; P=0.469). Conclusions Female reproductive system dysplasia is the most common in uterine dysplasia, followed by vaginal dysplasia, hymen atresia and urogenital fistula, and cervical dysplasia. The age of visit is generally older, often found by abnormal findings of physical examination or accessory examination, primary amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, infertility, adverse pregnancy history;and could be combined with a variety of other system malformations, most seen by urinary system malformations,there is also the risk of endometriosis.

Comparison of Anogenital Distance and Correlation with Vulvo-vaginal Atrophy: A Pilot Study on Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

OBJECTIVES: Anogenital distance (AGD) represents the space between labia posterior commissure and anus. This was pilot study to investigate how menopause and so lack of oestrogens affects AGD. METHODS: A total of 109 patients were enrolled. AGD was measured in lithotomy position using sterile paper ruler. Anogenital index (AGI) was used to control 2 variables of height and weight (body mass index, kg/m2). Vaginal health index (VHI) was used to evaluate vaginal wellness. Female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire was administered to all women to evaluate the impact of menopause on their sexual function. RESULTS: AGD (30.87 ± 2.98 vs. 17.57 ± 2.18; P = 0.0001) and AGI (1.40 ± 0.21 vs. 0.70 ± 0.15; P = 0.0001) were both significantly lower in the postmenopausal group. Postmenopausal women were affected by vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) significantly. Thus, VHI scores were dramatically worse in postmenopausal group (23.95 ± 1.28 vs. 10.75 ± 3.41; P = 0.0001) as well as FSFI results (32.68 ± 2.25 vs. 19.78 ± 5.46; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that AGD in post-menopausal women was significantly shorter than AGD in premenopausal women, correlating with an increase of VVA and sexual impairment. Changes of AGD and AGI demonstrated to predict hormonal changes that may occur after menopause.

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vagina: a case report / Angiomixoma agressivo de vagina: um relato de caso

ABSTRACT Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare infiltrative tumor of mesenchymal origin that has high rates of local recurrence. We present the case of a 42-year-old patient with a lump in the vaginal canal, treated with excisional biopsy. Histopathologic evaluation revealed myxoid spindle-cell proliferation in the subepithelial region, and immunohistochemical analysis was positive for CDK4, CD34, desmin, estrogen and progesterone receptors. The markers S100 and smooth muscle actin were negative, what corroborated the diagnosis of AAM. Because of its high recurrence rates, we opted for outpatient follow-up during the two subsequent years.

RESUMO O angiomixoma agressivo (AA) é uma neoplasia rara de origem mesenquimal, caráter infiltrativo e altas taxas de recidiva local. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 42 anos com nódulo no canal vaginal, submetida à biópsia excisional. A avaliação histopatológica demonstrou proliferação fusocelular mixoide na região subepitelial, e a análise imuno-histoquímica revelou positividade para CDK4, CD34, desmina e receptores de estrogênio e progesterona. Os marcadores S100 e actina de músculo liso foram negativos, o que corroborou o diagnóstico de AA. Devido às altas taxas de recidiva, optou-se por acompanhamento ambulatorial pelos dois anos subsequentes.

Investigation of the change of adiponectin level with menopause status in middle aged women and its relationship with androgen / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the change of adiponectin level with menopause status in women aged 40 to 65, and its relationship with androgen. Methods A cross-sectional study included woman (aged from 40 to 65) who were in hospital for routine check-up at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from August to October in 2013. All subjects underwent laboratory examinations of adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), total testosterone (TT), collected anthropometric measurements and then calculated free androgen index (FAI) and body mass index (BMI). According to their menstrual status, the subjects were divided into 4 groups: premenopausal group with 119 subjects, perimenopausal group with 60 subjects, early postmenopausal group with 62 subjects, late postmenopausal group with 64 subjects. Results (1) Adiponectin levels declined to its lowest level in menopausal transition and gradually becoming higher after menopause, which showed a U-shaped trajectory. When compared adiponectin levels in late postmenopausal group [(13 ± 5) mg/L] with those in perimenopausal [(8 ± 6) mg/L] or early postmenopausal group [(9 ± 6) mg/L], it all showed significantly difference (P<0.05). (2) Both the adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with waistline in the 4 groups (premenopausal group, r=-0.276;perimenopausal group, r=-0.334;early postmenopausal group, r=-0.211;late postmenopausal group, r=-0.218; all P<0.05). Levels of adiponectin were positively correlated with SHBG (r=0.536, P<0.05) and negatively with FAI (r=-0.363, P<0.05) in menopausal transition, while in late postmenopausal group, negatively correlated with level of DHEA-S (r=-0.450, P<0.05). When adjusted for age, BMI and waistline, the above correlations still exist. Conclusions Adiponectin levels declined to its lowest level in menopausal transition and gradually becoming higher after menopause, which showed a U-shaped trajectory during the sequential menopause status transition in middle aged women. Low level of adiponectin in menopausal transition is closely associated with the relative excess androgen occurred during this stage.

Application value of three-dimensional female pelvic visualization modeling on transvaginal gynecological ultrasound imaging / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To explore the application value of three-dimensional (3D) female pelvic visualization model on transvaginal gynecological ultrasound imaging.Methods The second digital Chinese woman visible human datasets was selected,and a female pelvicvoxel-based model was constructed in Amira software for analog simulation combined with transvaginal gynecological ultrasound.The main structures and the space position variation of female pelvic cavity were observed,and the comparison study with conventional section of ultrasound was carried out.Results A high accuracy 3D visualization model of female pelvic was successfully constructed,and the anatomy structures can be dynamically and clearly displayed in any section orientation.An analog simulation research was carried out according to the scan mode of gynecological ultrasound,and a series of high resolution images consistent with scan sections of dynamic ultrasound were obtained,which had provided the optimal scan pathway for the fast inspection of the uterus,fallopian tubes and ovaries.Conclusion The 3D female pelvic visualization model based on digital Chinese woman human datasets has provided detailed and accurate anatomy information for transvaginal gynecological ultrasound imaging,which could be the benefit for doctors to understand the ultrasound images of female pelvic,as well as the accurate positioning ability to the lesions of female pelvic cavity.

Acesso sagital transretal anterior (ASTRA) para vaginoplastia após complicação de anoretoplastia sagital posterior / Anterior sagittal transrectal approach (ASTRA) for vaginoplasty after complications of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty

A exposição transperineal de altas vaginas é limitada. Essas limitações podem ser contornadas usando ASTRA (anterior sagital transrectal approach). Relatamos o uso desta estratégia cirúrgica para o tratamento de um caso de atresia vaginal adquirida, após anorretoplastia posterior, em caso de malformação anorretal.

Transperineal exposure of the high portion of the vagina is limited. These limitations can be circumvented using ASTRA (anterior sagittal transrectal approach). We report the use of this surgical strategy for the treatment of a case of acquired vaginal atresia after posterior anorectoplasty due to anorectal malformation.

Clinical study of 67 cases of endometriosis coexisting with genital tract anomalies / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of endometriosis by studying endometriosis coexisting with variable genital tract anomalies and analysis the association between obstructive or nonobstructive anomalies with endometriosis.Methods From January 2000 to April 2010,a total of 67 cases of endometriosis coexisting with genital tract anomalies undergoing treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively.Results According to subtypes of concurrent genital tract anomalies,67 cases were divided into 19 cases in obstructive group and 48 cases in non-obstructive group.(1) Age and symptoms:the mean age were (22 ± 8) years in obstructive group and (32 ± 7) years in non-obstructive group,which reached statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The major symptoms were dysmenorrheal or chronic pelvic pain (14/19) and amenorrhea (8/19) in obstructive group.However,in non-obstructive group,the major symptoms were dysmenorrheal or chronic pelvic pain (31％,15/48) and infertility (35％,17/48) and abortion (21％,10/48).(2) Degree and incidence of endometriosis:the moderate or severe endometriosis was 11/19 in obstructive group and 40％ (19/48) in non-obstructive group,which did not show statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of peritoneal endometriosis,ovarian endometriosis,adenomyosis did not show significant difference between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The rate of moderate or severe endometriosis coexisting with duplex uterus,uterus bicornis and uterus septus did not show significant difference in non-obstructive group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The severity of endometriosis showed no association with obstructive anomalies.The results implied that there might be other factors involved in pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Plástica do púbis e da genitália externa: duas décadas de experiência / Plastic of the pubis and external genitalia: two decades of experience

Este artigo registra a experiência de duas décadas de cirurgias realizadas na região do púbis e da genitália externa em pacientes de ambos os sexos. A literatura apresenta limitadas contribuições sobre as alterações morfológicas que têm levado seus portadores a se submeterem a cirurgias para retornarem à normalidade anatômica, ao equilíbrio emocional e a recuperarem a autoestima. Método: Foram operados 513 pacientes com diferentes tipos de patologias nos genitais externos e no púbis, num período de vinte anos, sendo 469 (91,42%) do sexo feminino e 44(8,58%) do sexo masculino. A idade variou de 17 a 70 anos. No sexo feminino, as deformidades mais frequentes foram as distrofias do púbis, grandes e pequenos lábios, prepúcio sobre o clitóris, além das distorções secundárias decorrentes de cirurgias realizadas previamente nestas regiões. No sexo masculino, as afecções mais frequentes envolveram a região pubiana, hipotrofias penianas, sinéquias e ausência de testículos. Deformidades congênitas, além das descritas, não foram incluídas no presente artigo. Resultados: Durante o período de 1989 a 2010, os procedimentos aplicados nas disformias pubianas e nas genitálias beneficiaram pacientes física e psicologicamente, pela qualidade dos resultados e pelo baixo índice de complicações (2,31%). Conclusões: Apesar da limitada divulgação científica nas revistas da especialidade e nos eventos científicos, a importância destas patologias não tem limite nos seus portadores. Uma das razões da presente publicação baseia-se na experiência adquirida e a necessária divulgação aos especialistas que realizam estas cirurgias, face às consequências que determinam quando não executadas dentro da necessária realidade.

This article is the result of two decades of surgical experience in the pubic region for patients of both genders with the external genitalia dimorphic aspects. The literature presents limited contributions regarding the morphologic alterations of these regions, responsible for the patients be submitted to these surgeries to return to their normal anatomic aspects, to the emotional equilibrium and to the self-esteem. Methods: Patients of both genders, in a total of 513, with different types of pathologies of the external genitalia and the pubic regions were submitted to specific surgeries, where 469 (91.42%) were female and 44 (8.58%) were male. The age range was from 17 to 70 year old. In the female patients were included: dystrophies of the pubis, labia majora and minora, skin excess of the clitoris, and the treatment of other types of unacceptable results after previous surgical procedures. The male deformities included in this study were: penis hypotrophy, skin penis synechia, local angioma and the absence of congenital testicular glands. Congenital or acquired deformities out of the described were not included. Results: From 1989 to 2010, the procedures used in the genitalia and in the pubis dimorphisms brought psychological and physic benefic to the patients combined with low complication rate (2.31%). Conclusions: Despite of the limited scientific publications in the journals of the specialty and in the scientific meetings, the importance of these messages has no limits to their holders. One of reasons of this publicationis based in acquired experience and the necessary diffusion for those that perform these surgeries but still with negative results when not performed within the necessary level.

Tratamento cirúrgico da hipertrofia clitoriana / Surgical treatment of clitorian hypertrophy

Segundo vários autores, a hipertrofia discreta do clitóris está presente em 25%das mulheres. Quando o volume passa a incomodar no ato sexual, acompanhado ou nãode distúrbios psicológicos, as pacientes buscam inicialmente ajuda de ginecologistas ouendocrinologistas e não raramente são encaminhadas à cirurgia plástica para a resoluçãodos problemas. Método: Nossa experiência é baseada em 9 pacientes, durante 15 anos,portadoras de genitália ambígua, submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico. Foram selecionados3 casos para ilustrar os resultados obtidos com a técnica. Duas pacientes com hipertrofiaclitoriana do tipo II de Prader foram selecionadas; uma de origem adquirida na idade adulta,e outra de origem possivelmente congênita. A terceira paciente apresentava anomaliassexuais múltiplas, de origem congênita: agenesia de vagina, hipertrofia clitoriana, presençade ovários e testículos atrofiados, pseudo-hermafroditismo feminino, catalogada como tipoV de Prader. Todos os três pacientes foram submetidas a redução do clitóris pela dissecçãoda cobertura músculo-cutânea (desenluvamento) e sepultamento do corpo clitoriano porsutura. Resultados: Os procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados preservaram a estética e asensibilidade, com redução das dimensões do clitóris. Conclusão: Os procedimentos apresentamrelativa simplicidade, porém dentro de critérios

Moderate clitoris hypertrophy has been described in 25% of the women.When its shape and volume disturb at the sexual activity, combined or not by psychologicalproblems, initially patients search for help from gynecologists and or by endocrinologistsand not rarely are send to plastic surgeons. Our experience is based on 9 patients withambiguous external genitalia, submitted to these surgeries during the last 15 years. Threecases were selected to demonstrate the obtained results with the technique. Two femalepatients with Prader type II clitoris aspect were selected; one of them presents the problemat adult age and, in the other, the etiology was possible congenital. The third patients presentedhypertrophic clitoris combined with pseudo-hermaphroditism with ovarium, atrophictesticles as described in Prader Type V. Methods: The all three patients were submitted toclitoris reduction by dissection of the mucous-cutaneous covering and its excess buried bysuture. The third patient with pseudo-hermaphroditism had also neo-vagina reconstruction.Results: The surgical procedures preserved esthetic and sensibility, with clitoris dimensionsreduction. Conclusion: The surgical procedures presented moderate simplicity, but withinthe surgical criteria to preserve the functions and the external genitalia anatomy.

Rat pinealectomy: a modified direct visual approach / Pinealectomia em ratos: técnica modificada com visualização direta

PURPOSE: To report a new, direct visual approach for rat pinealectomy. METHODS: Eighty adult female rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus EPM-1 strain) were weighted and anesthetized intraperitoneally with 15 mg/kg xylazine and 30 mg/kg ketamine. The animal was fastened to a dissection table, an incision was made in the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, bringing the lambda into view. The skullcap was opened with a dental drill, bringing the cerebral hemispheres and the superior sagittal sinus into view. The pineal gland, located under the venous sinus, was removed in a single piece using tweezers. Next, the bone fragment was returned to its place and the surgical layers were sutured. RESULTS: This new technique is easy to be done, avoids bleedings and removes only the pineal gland without damage to the remaining encephalon. In addition it makes possible the achievement of a sham surgery, allowing the pineal gland to remain intact. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique intends to facilitate studies aiming to better understanding the complexity and importance of the pineal gland on reproductive and other body systems.

OBJETIVO: Apresentar nova técnica para pinealectomia em ratos. MÉTODOS: 80 ratos adultos fêmeas (Rattus norvegicus albinus) foram pesados e em seguida anestesiados por via intraperitoneal com xilazina e cetamina. Em seguida os animais foram fixados em uma prancha de cortiça e feita uma incisão na pele e no tecido subcutâneo, na região superior da cabeça, evidenciando a junção dos ossos parietais e occipital. Na região do lambda, realizou-se uma perfuração circular, na calota craniana, com o auxilio de uma broca (4 mm) acoplada a um micromotor. Nesse orifício, após a dissecação da dura-mater visibiliza-se a confluência dos seios venosos longitudinal e transverso. Com o auxilio de uma pinça curva esses seios são deslocados, ligados e identificada a glândula pineal, que pode ser removida em peça única. Em seguida, o fragmento ósseo é devolvido ao seu lugar e as camadas cirúrgicas suturadas. RESULTADOS: Esta nova técnica é fácil de ser feita, evita hemorragias e só remove a glândula pineal, sem prejuízos para o restante do encéfalo. Além disso, possibilita a realização de uma cirurgia sham, visto que a glândula pineal permanece sem alterações. CONCLUSÃO: Espera-se que a técnica proposta facilite estudos visando a uma melhor compreensão da complexidade e importância da glândula pineal sobre a reprodução e outros sistemas do organismo.

O uso de sabonetes íntimos femininos / The use of liquid soap for female intimate care

A utilização rotineira de sabonetes líquidos íntimos femininos é questionada por ginecologistas, mas ovacionada por boa parte das mulheres que passam a maior parte do dia fora de casa, em atividades profissionais e sociais intensas. A preocupação médica se justifica pela possibilidade de irritações e alergias loco-regionais uma vez que, quanto mais se altera o habitat da flora bacteriana fisiológica vulvar e vaginal, maiores serão os riscos de infecções e inflamações. Porém, os parcos artigos existentes não sugerem alterações do pH ou da flora vaginal com o uso destes produtos. Este artigo tem como objetivo rever as características químicas dos sabonetes higiênicos íntimos relacionando-os com a microbiota vulvo-vaginal, para que os ginecologistas possam avaliar os riscos e benefícios destes, uma vez que este é um assunto cada vez mais questionado nos consultórios ginecológicos.

The everyday use of intimate liquid soap is questioned by gynecologists, and well seen by many women that have an intense professional activity, running around all day. Medical worry for this everyday use is justified by local irritation and aggression that these substances may bring. This article reviews the chemical characteristics of the intimal vaginal "everyday use" soaps, relating these facts to the vulvo-vaginal microbiota. Thus, it gives to the gynecologist risks and benefits of this polemic issue, helping them to judge what is better for each patient.

O fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico com cones vaginais: programa de atendimento domiciliar / Strengthening of pelvic floor muscles using vaginal cones:a home care program

Objetivos: avaliar a eficiência de um programa de fisioterapia domiciliar com cones vaginais para o fortalecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, na resolução da incontinência urinária de esforço.Relato do caso: foi selecionada para o estudo uma voluntária com 60 anos de idade, com história de única gestação, com parto vaginal, apresentando queixa e diagnóstico de incontinência urinária de esforço. Para avaliação pré e pós-intervenção utilizaram-se como instrumentos: anamnese, avaliação da qualidade de vida, avaliação físico-funcional e exame de urodinâmica. A intervenção fisioterapêutica foi realizada através de um protocolo de exercícios terapêuticos com cones vaginais durante oito semanas, com frequência de três vezes semanais em duas sessões diárias. Na avaliação inicial foi realizada a manobra de Valsalva com 300 ml de volume intra-vesical, ocorrendo discreta perda urinária com a pressão de perda ao esforço de94 cmH2O, indicando incontinência urinária de esforço de grau leve. Na reavaliação não se observou perda urinária com pressão vesical de até 117 cmH2O para o mesmo volume, expressando melhora considerável da continência urinária.Conclusões: o programa de exercícios terapêuticos com cones vaginais a domicílio mostrou-se efetivo na resolução da incontinência urinária de esforço.

Aims: to evaluate the efficiency of a home care physiotherapy program using vaginal cones for the pelvic floor muscles strength to approach the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.Case description: A female volunteer, 60 years-old, with history of a single pregnancy and vaginal delivery, presenting complaints and diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence, was selected for the study. The evaluation instruments of pre and post-intervention were anamnesis, evaluation of quality of life, semiological evaluation and urodynamics examination. It was applied a therapeutical exercise protocol using vaginal cones, three times a week, two times a day. Valsalva maneuver presenting intra-vesical volume of 300 ml was the initial evaluation. Mild urinary incontinence with Valsalva leak-point pressure of 94 cmH2O denoted a mild stress urinary incontinence. During reevaluation, urinary loss was not observedwith vesical pressure, until 117 cmH2O for the same volume, showing a considerable reduction in urinary incontinence.Conclusions: A home care program of therapeutical exercises using vaginal cones presented positive results on the stress urinary incontinence treatment.

Pathogenicity of ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 3 in genital tract of mice / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To study the pathogenicity of ureaplasma urealytieum serotype 3 (UU3) with different concentration in the genital tract of the mice. Methods A total of 156 Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups randomly, including group A, B, C (48 mice in every experimental group) and control group.(12 mice in control group). UU3 at concentration of 1×107eopy/g (group A), 1×106copy/g (group B),1×105copy/g (group C) were inoculated into 48 mice in every experimental group intravaginal]y, in the mean time, culture medium of UU was given into 12 mice in control group. They were neeropsied at 1, 3,7, 14, 21, 35 days of postinoeulatien randomly, which included 8 mice of every experimental group and 2 mice of control group every time, and to detect UU3 expression from cervical secretions by FQ-PCR andobserving the pathogenicity rate in tissues of cervix, endometrium, fallopian tube by light microscope and calculate the morbidity rate. Results (1) The total positive rates of UU3 were 63% (30/48) in group A,50% (24/48) in group B, 17% (8/48) in group C, which showed a significant difference(P<0.01).And at 1,3,7,14,21,35 days of postinoculation, the positive rates of group A were 8/8,7/8,6/8,5/8,4/8 and 0,group B were 7/8,5/8,5/8,4/8,3/8 and 0,group C were 3/8,2/8,2/8,1/8,0 and 0;all mice in control group were zero. At all time points, there were statistical difference in the positive rate among three experimental groups only at 1 day (P<0.05 ). (2) In the positive mice, their UU3 quantity concentration at 1,3,7,14,21 days were 1.70×107, 8.26×106, 4.04×106, 2.86×106,and 2.41 x105 copy/g in group A; 3.75×106, 2.56×106 , 1.37×106, 6.72×105, and 1.12 x 105 copy/g in group B, and 1.45×105,1.07×105, 5.43×104, 4.68×103, and 0 copy/g in group C. There were statistical difference among experimental groups at all time points except 21 days (P<0.05). Comparing the concentration among all time points of every group, both group A and B showed a significant difference(P<0.05) ,group C didn't reach it( P>0.05). (3) The total pathogenicity rates of three groups were significant different at 7-35 days, which were 56% (18/32) in group A, 44% (14/32) in group B, 6% (2/32) in group C (P<0.01 ). And at 7,14,21,35 days of postineculation, the pathogenicity rates in group A were 5/8,5/8,4/8 and 4/8, group B were 4/8,4/8,3/8 and 3/8, group C were 1/8,0,1/8 and 0; all mice in control group were zero, which demonstrated significant difference only at 14 days (P<0.05), no other statistical difference were observed (P>0.05) . Conclusions The pathogenicity of UU3 varies with different concentration in genital tract of mice. When UU3 concentration is more than 1×106 copy/g, the susceptibility to infection was intensified significantly.

Clinical analysis of anomalies of female reproductive system associated with urinary system / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To determine the association of anomalies of female reproductive system with that of urinary system. Methods Two hundred and eighty-nine cases, including 59 with congenital vaginal inclined septum syndrome, 135 with septate uterus, 4 with unicornuate uterus, 13 with rudimentary horn of uterus, 58 with congenital absence of the uterus and vagina, 14 with imperforated hymen, and 6 with atresia of vagina, treated during the past 4 years, were analysed retrospectively. Results Anomalies of urinary system were more frequently found in patients with anisomerous anomalies of reproductive system(85. 53% , 65/76 cases). In 59 cases of congenital vaginal inclined septum syndrome, 43 had ipsilateral renal agenesis, 2 had one single pelvic kidney, 1 had bilateral horseshoe kidneys, 1 had left-side horseshoe kidney, 1 had one pair of renal pelvis and renal calices with ureters incorporated at middle and inferior segments on both sides. Ipsilateral renal agenesis was also seen in patients with rudimentary horn of uterus(14/14 cases) and unicornuate uterus(4/4 cases). However, there was no urinary system malformation seen in septate uterus patients (0/135 cases), imperforated hymen (0/16) and atresia of vagina (0/4 cases). Only 1 case of congenital absence of the uterus and vagina associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis. Conclusion Anomalies of reproductive ducts associated with renal malformations, especially anisomerous anomalies of reproductive system are not unusual. Early recognition and diagnosis is very important to prevention and treatment of such diseases.

Algunas afecciones y problemas de interés de la ginecología infantojuvenil en la atención primaria

Se realiza una revisión de las principales afecciones y problemas de interés para la atención primaria en la ginecología infantojuvenil, con énfasis en los aspectos preventivos y diagnósticos de éstas.

A review of the main affectations and problems of interest for primary health care in pediatric and adolescent gynecology is made, emphasizing the preventive and diagnostic aspects of them.